The term "accident" is modified to mean an unexpected or unforeseen identifiable event or series of events happening suddenly and violently, with or without human fault, and producing at the time objective symptoms of an injury. An injury is compensable if it is clearly work related. An injury is clearly work related if work was a substantial factor in the cause of the resulting medical condition or disability. An injury is not compensable merely because work was a triggering or precipitating factor.

The term "injury" is modified by repealing the "prevailing factor" standard. Moreover, an injury is deemed to have arisen out of and in the course of employment only if it meets the following:

• It is reasonably apparent, upon consideration of all the circumstances, that the employment is a substantial factor in causing the injury; and

• It can be seen to have followed as a natural incident of the work; and

• It can be fairly traced to the employment as a proximate cause; and

• It does not come from a hazard or risk unrelated to the employment to which workers would have been equally exposed outside of and unrelated to the employment in normal nonemployment life.

Similarly, the act modifies provisions governing the compensability of occupational diseases by repealing the "prevailing factor" standard. Specifically, an occupational disease is compensable if it is clearly work related and meets the requirements of an injury which is compensable under workers' compensation law. An occupational disease is not compensable merely because work was a triggering or precipitating factor.

Additionally, an occupational disease due to repetitive motion is compensable if the occupational exposure was a substantial factor in causing both the resulting medical condition and disability. If the exposure to the repetitive motion which is found to be the cause of the injury is for a period of less than three months and the evidence demonstrates that the exposure to the repetitive motion with the immediate prior employer was a substantial contributing factor in causing the injury, the prior employer shall be liable for such occupational disease.

The act provides that where an employee's participation in a recreational activity or program is the proximate cause, rather than prevailing cause of the injury, benefits or compensation otherwise payable for death or disability shall be forfeited regardless that the employer may have promoted, sponsored or supported the recreational activity or program, expressly or impliedly, in whole or in part.

The act repeals various provisions that abrogated past court decisions with respect to the interpretation of the following terms and phrases: "accident", "occupational disease", "arising out of", "in the course of the employment", and "owner". The interpretation of such terms prior to August 28, 2005, is reinstated and any case law that is inconsistent with such interpretations is abrogated. Additionally, the extension of the premises doctrine as it existed prior to August 28, 2005, is reinstated for liability for accidents that occur on property not owned or controlled by the employer even if the accident occurs on customary, approved, permitted, usual or accepted routes used by the employee to get to and from their place of employment.

The act additionally creates a new provision establishing a right to final hearing following a determination by a physician that an employee has reached maximum medical improvement. Such hearing may only be requested one year after the determination of maximum medical improvement has been made. Either the employee or the employer may request the hearing and the hearing shall be set within six months after when the request is made and not to be continued, cancelled, or reset without consent of both the employee and the employer.

SCOTT SVAGERA

SCOTT SVAGERA

CHANGES OF ATTORNEYS IN WORKERS' COMPENSATION CASES (Sections 287.200 and 287.470)

The act permits the Labor and Industrial Relations Commission to change the name, information, or fee arrangement of the attorney or law firm representing a claimant upon the filing of a written agreement, signed by both the claimant and the attorney, with the Commission.

QUALIFICATIONS, COMPLAINTS, DISCIPLINE, AND REMOVAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES (Sections 287.610 and 621.045)

The act increases the maximum number of ALJs from 40 to 41. It additionally provides that all administrative law judges shall retire from being an ALJ at 70 years old. Furthermore, ALJs are exempted from the employee at-will doctrine.

Current law requires a retention vote be taken by the Administrative Law Judge Review Committee with respect to each workers' compensation Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). Additionally, the Committee is required to conduct performance audits periodically and make recommendations of confidence or no confidence with respect to each ALJ. This act repeals these requirements and instead creates new provisions for filing complaints against and removing ALJs.

The act repeals a requirement that Administrative Law Judge Review Committee members not have any direct or indirect employment or financial connection with a workers' compensation insurance company, claims adjustment company, health care provider nor be a practicing workers' compensation attorney. The act additionally repeals a requirement that all members of the Committee have a working knowledge of workers' compensation.

The act permits the Director of the Division of Workers' Compensation to file a complaint with the Administrative Hearing Commission (AHC) seeking to remove an ALJ from office for one or any combination of the following causes:

• The ALJ has committed any felony or misdemeanor, regardless of whether a criminal charge has been filed;

• The ALJ has been convicted, or has entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in a criminal prosecution under the laws of any state, the United States, or of any country, regardless of whether sentence is imposed;

• The ALJ is guilty of misconduct, habitual intoxication, willful neglect of duty, corruption in office, or incompetency; or

• The ALJ has committed any act that involves moral turpitude or oppression in office.

Prior to filing a complaint, the Director shall notify the ALJ in writing of the reasons for the complaint. Special provisions are included if the reason for the complaint is willful neglect of duty or incompetency.

Upon a finding by the AHC that the grounds for disciplinary action are met, the Director may, singly or in combination, issue the disciplinary actions against the ALJ, as provided in the act, including removal or suspension from office.

Upon a finding that there are no grounds for disciplinary action, the ALJ shall immediately resume duties and shall receive any attorney's fees due under current law.

An ALJ may be suspended with pay, without notice, at the discretion of the Director if:

• The ALJ commits a crime for which the ALJ is being held without bond for a period of more than 14 days;

• The ALJ's license to practice law has been suspended or revoked; or

• A declaration of incapacity by a court of competent jurisdiction has been made with respect to the ALJ.

PAYMENT AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES (Sections 287.615 and 287.835)

The act provides that the compensation for ALJs and chief administrative law judges shall be determined solely by the rate outlined in law and shall not increase when pay raises for executive employees are appropriated. The salary premium for chief ALJs is increased from $5,000 to $10,000. Moreover, if an ALJ is deployed as a member of the National Guard, the ALJ shall receive up to 120 days of salary, but in no event longer than the period of deployment.

The act furthermore repeals reference to the position of Chief Legal Counsel.

The act repeals a prohibition on the payment of any retirement benefits under workers' compensation law to any administrative law judge who has been removed from office by impeachment or for misconduct, or to any person who has been disbarred from the practice of law, or to the beneficiary of any such persons.

This act is substantially similar to SB 667 (2025), HCS/HB 83 (2025), HCS/HB 123 (2025), SCS/HCS/HB 176 (2025), SCS/HCS/HB 615 (2025), SCS/SB 1390 (2024) and certain provisions in SCS/HCS/HB 2064 & HCS#2/HB 1886 (2024) and similar to HB 2194 (2024).

SCOTT SVAGERA

SCOTT SVAGERA

The Board shall establish a process for institutions and programs to apply for approval and appeal denials of Workforce Pell Grants, shall coordinate approval of eligible workforce training programs with other state and federal workforce programs, and shall require eligible workforce training programs to provide verifiable data demonstrating program outcomes.

JOSH NORBERG

DEFINITION CHANGES (Section 287.020)

The definition of "accident" is modified to repeal to use of the word "unexpected" so that "accident" is defined as a "traumatic event", rather than "an unexpected traumatic event."

Furthermore, injuries sustained in company-owned or subsidized automobiles in accidents that occur while traveling from the employee's home to the employee's principal place of business, rather than the employer's principal place of business or from the employee's principal place of business to the employee's home are not compensable. The abrogation of the extension of premises doctrine is modified by removing reference to liability for accidents on property not controlled by the employer.

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE (Sections 287.020, 287.063, and 287.067)

The act modifies the definition of "occupational disease" to include "repetitive trauma injuries" and further specifies that for purposes of determining if an employee has sustained an occupational disease, the exposure to the injury must have arisen out of and in the course of employment. Furthermore, the definition of injury is modified to include reference to occupational disease and to further provide that an injury by accident or occupational disease is deemed to arise out of and in the course of employment only if:

• It is reasonably apparent, upon consideration of all the circumstances, that the accident or occupational disease is the prevailing factor in causing the injury;

• It does not come from a hazard or risk unrelated to the employment to which workers would have been equally exposed outside of and unrelated to the employment in normal nonemployment life; and

• The employee was engaged in a work activity to the greater benefit of the employer when the occupational disease was contracted or accident occurred.

REDUCTION OR FORFEITURE OF BENEFITS (Section 287.120)

Current law requires the reduction of compensation and death benefits by at least 25% where an injury is caused by failure of the employee to use safety devices where provided by the employer, or from the employee's failure to obey any reasonable rule adopted by the employer for the safety of employees. This act requires the reduction of the indemnity benefit by at least 25%, rather than the compensation and death benefit.

Current law requires the forfeiture of benefits where the employee's participation in a recreational activity or program is the prevailing cause of the injury. This act repeals an exception to this rule that exempted circumstances where the employee was paid wages or travel expenses while participating in such recreational activity or program.

MENTAL INJURIES (Section 287.120.8)

Current law provides that a mental injury resulting from work-related stress does not arise out of and in the course of the employment, unless it is demonstrated that the stress is work related and was extraordinary and unusual. This act requires the stress to be measured in comparison with employees working in the same position.

MAXIMUM FEE SCHEDULE (Section 287.140.3, 287.210)

Current law provides that all fees and charges for services under the workers' compensation law shall be fair and reasonable, subject to regulation by the Division of Workers' Compensation (DWC) or the Labor and Industrial Relations Commission. This act requires the Division to establish by rule a schedule of fees for any service provided pursuant to the workers' compensation law and further requires all fees and charges under such law to be in accordance with the fee schedule.

MEDICAL FEE DISPUTES (Section 287.140.4 and .8)

Any medical fee dispute shall be filed not later than:

• Two years from the date the first notice of dispute of the medical charge was received by the health care provider if such services were rendered before July 1, 2013;

• One year from the date the first notice of dispute of the medical charge was received by the health care provider if such services were rendered after July 1, 2013; and

• Two years from the date of service, when no payment has been made.

The act repeals a provision requiring the Director of the Division of Workers' Compensation to establish a procedure whereby a claim for compensation may be reactivated after settlement of such claim is completed.

EMPLOYER'S SUBROGATION LIEN (Section 287.150)

The act provides that where a third person is liable to the employee or to the dependents, for the injury or death, the employer shall have a subrogation lien against such third person, and the recovery by such employer shall not be limited to the amount payable as compensation to such employee or dependents, but such employer may recover any amount which such employee or his dependents would have been entitled to recover.

The act repeals an exception to an employer's subrogation rights in the case of an employee's wrongful death where the employee

suffers or suffered from an occupational disease due to toxic exposure and the employee, dependents, or persons eligible to sue for wrongful death are compensated under workers' compensation.

COMPENSATION PAID OUT OF SECOND INJURY FUND (Section 287.220)

The act modifies the procedure for claims for permanent partial disability. Specifically, it repeals a requirement that an employee's preexisting disability be medically documented. Furthermore, if the employee is entitled to receive compensation on the basis of the combined disabilities, the employer at the time of the last injury shall be liable only for the degree or percentage of disability which would have resulted from the last injury had there been no preexisting disability. After the compensation liability of the employer for the last injury, considered alone, has been determined by an administrative law judge or the Labor and Industrial Relations Commission (LIRC), the degree or percentage of employee's disability that is attributable to all injuries or conditions existing at the time the last injury was sustained shall then be determined by that administrative law judge or by the LIRC and the degree or percentage of disability which existed prior to the last injury plus the disability resulting from the last injury, if any, considered alone, shall be deducted from the combined disability, and compensation for the balance, if any, shall be paid out of the Second Injury Fund (SIF).

AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGE (Sections 287.021, 287.240, and 287.250)

The act modifies references to the term "average earnings" by changing the term to "average weekly wage" and furthermore provides that in any claim for compensation, an allegation of an average weekly wage shall not be considered a statement of fact deemed admitted if an answer to the claim is not timely filed.

STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS AND NOTICE REQUIREMENTS (Sections 287.063, 287.420, and 287.430)

Current law provides that the statute of limitation for an occupational disease shall not begin to run until it becomes reasonably discoverable and apparent that an injury has been sustained. This act provides a definition for the phrase "reasonably discoverable and apparent." Furthermore, the act provides that no proceedings for compensation for any occupational disease or repetitive trauma shall be maintained unless written notice of the time, place, and nature of the injury, and the name and address of the person injured, has been given to the employer no later than thirty days after the injury becomes reasonably discoverable and apparent, unless the employee can prove the employer was not prejudiced by failure to receive the notice.

Current law provides that a claim against the SIF shall be filed within two years after the date of the injury or within one year after a claim is filed against an employer or insurer, whichever is later. This act requires such a claim to be filed at any point prior to the conclusion by settlement or final award, after appeals, of the primary claim.

APPEALS (Sections 287.480 and 287.510)

The act provides that if an application for review is made to the LIRC within 20 days from the date of an award for compensation by any party, all parties to the case of automatically retained as a party or parties to the appeal.

The act also gives appellate courts jurisdiction to review temporary or partial awards of compensation where the issue concerns an employer's liability and the employer claims that it is not liable for paying any compensation.

COMMUTATIONS AND AGREEMENTS TO DISCHARGE LIABILITY (Sections 287.530 and 287.540)

The act repeals a provision of law allowing the LIRC to commute any compensation awarded under workers' compensation law. Furthermore, the act allows the parties to agree to discharge the employer from further liability, which may be permitted only by the LIRC, provided it meets the same stipulations for compromise settlements as required under current law.

INADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE - SETTLEMENTS CONTINGENT ON RESIGNATION (Section 287.780)

In any civil action alleging discrimination for exercising rights under workers' compensation law, the act makes inadmissible evidence that a settlement offer was made contingent upon a voluntary resignation of employment.

SCOTT SVAGERA